ABSTRACT
OBJETIVOS: Descrever o perfil de medicamentos utilizados em crianças internadas em um hospital geral. MÉTODOS: Realizou-se um estudo transversal, com dados coletados nos prontuários das crianças com idades entre zero e 12 anos, internadas no período de julho de 2013 a julho de 2014 no Hospital Nossa Senhora da Conceição, em Tubarão, Santa Catarina. Foram coletadas as variáveis idade, sexo, tempo de internação, Código Internacional de Doenças da internação e medicamentos utilizados. Os medicamentos foram classificados segundo a Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical Classification. RESULTADOS: Foram analisados 1.603 atendimentos de crianças até 12 anos no período estudado. O tempo de internação variou de um a 115 dias. O uso de medicamentos por internação variou de um a 77 medicamentos, com média de 9,84 medicamentos por paciente. Foram utilizados 211 diferentes tipos de medicamentos, sendo a maioria classificada como analgésicos atuantes no sistema nervoso central. Verificaram-se 303 códigos diferentes pelo Código Internacional de Doenças, sendo o diagnóstico mais prevalente a hipertrofia de amígdalas e de adenoides. Constatou-se a prescrição de sete tipos de fármacos não licenciados e 23 medicamentos com algum tipo de restrição para uso pediátrico. CONCLUSÕES: A média de medicamentos utilizados nas crianças internadas foi alta na amostra estudada, e a prescrição de fármacos não licenciados ou com algum tipo de restrição ao uso pediátrico foi um importante fator verificado neste estudo. Estes dados sugerem insuficiente atenção aos riscos e benefícios do uso de medicamentos em crianças, uma questão relevante que merece vigilância contínua e intensiva por diversos profissionais de saúde.
AIMS: To describe the profile of medications used in children admitted to a general hospital. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted with children aged 0 to 12 years, admitted to the Hospital Nossa Senhora da Conceição, in Tubarão, state of Santa Catarina, Brazil, between July 2013 and July 2014. The following data were collected: f age, sex, length of hospital stay, International Classification of Diseases codes for hospitalization, and medications used. The Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical classification system was used for the medications. RESULTS: The medical records of 1,603 children aged up to 12 years were analyzed. The hospital stay ranged from one to 115 days. The number of medications per admission ranged from one to 77, with an average of 9.84 medications per patient. A total of 211 different types of medications were used, most of which were classified as analgesic with central nervous system activity. Tonsillar hypertrophy and adenoid hypertrophy were the most prevalent disorders diagnosed among the 303 different International Classification of Diseases codes found in this study. Seven types of unlicensed medications and 23 drugs with some kind of restriction for pediatric use were prescribed. CONCLUSIONS: The average number of medications was high in hospitalized children, and the prescription of unlicensed drugs and those with some kind of restriction for pediatric use was an important factor. These data suggest poor attention to the risks and benefits of medication use in children a relevant issue that requires continuous and intensive surveillance by different health professionals .
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Infant, Newborn , Infant , Child, Preschool , Child , Child, Hospitalized , Drug Utilization , Pharmaceutical Preparations , Pharmacoepidemiology , Hospitals, GeneralABSTRACT
Aiming at assessing the cryopreservation potential of Litopenaeus vannamei sperm cells, 74 spermatophores were manually extracted from the sexually mature individuals. After the toxicity test to define the cryoprotectant concentration, suspensions of spermatic cells were cryopreserved in the groups in freezing solutions comprising different cryoprotectants such as dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and ethylene glycol (EG) at 10% concentration. Each treatment was divided in subgroups for storage in liquid nitrogen during 0, 30, 60 and 90 days, in triplicate. After thawing at 25ºC for 40 seconds, cell viability in the suspensions was analyzed under the microscope in eosin-nigrosin stain and flow cytometry. There were no significant differences between the cryoprotectants used. For all the treatments, lower and higher mortalities occurred in the 0 and 90 days, respectively. By applying the eosin-nigrosin technique, lower and higher mortalities were 23.17 and 82.11% for DMSO and 29.94 and 83.72% for EG, while the flow cytometry registered mortalities of 2.42 and 55.13% for DMSO and 0.90 and 55.56% for EG. The Spearman correlation coefficient indicated a positive correlation (R=0.91) between the two techniques used. It was concluded that there was a decrease in cell viability within a longer cryopreservation time.